Dong quai helps to promote uterine health and regulate the menstrual cycle. Some researchers contend that active ingredients called coumarins are responsible for its effectiveness. Coumarins dilate blood vessels, stimulating the central nervous system and increasing blood flow throughout the body. They may also relax the smooth muscles of the uterus, which would help to explain the herb's traditional use for menstrual cramps. Other experts claim that dong quai's powers should be attributed to its phytoestrogens, which are weaker than the estrogens produced by the body but do manage to bind to estrogen sites on human cells. Potentially negative effects of a women's own estrogens--such as breast cancer risk--may be offset in this way. More long-term studies of dong quai are needed, however, to fully assess how it affects the body, a task made all the more challenging because dong quai tends to appear in combination products. It's commonly added to herbal decongestant mixes for sinus problems, for example, and to special "women's formulas" for PMS (premenstrual syndrome) and menstrual cramping.
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